Science is inevitably intertwined with society. The state of the art of science, coupled with industrial endeavors, has determined our quality of life. Chemists are proud of their ability to generate high value from almost nothing by using accumulated scientific knowledge. Certainly, the sustainable development of our global society in this century requires truly practical chemical processes. Catalysis has been, and will remain, one of the most important research subjects, because it is the only rational means of producing useful compounds in an economical and environmentally benign way. We must develop catalytic systems effecting “perfect chemical reactions” that give only the desired products with 100% selectivity and 100% yield without unwanted wastes. Every reaction of multi-step synthesis should proceed with a high atom-efficiency, and the overall synthesis needs to be accomplished with a low E-factor. Researchers must spur public opinion and stimulate governmental policies for the promotion of Green Chemistry.