SEARCH (Please enter your search criteria)

• Fulltext Keyword

  Timeframe

  from 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

  to 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

• Discipline

  Chemistry

  Economic Sciences

  Interdisciplinary

  Literature

  Peace

  Physics

  Physiology and Medicine

• Category

  Laureates Meetings

  Videos Topic Clusters

  Pictures Nobel Labs

  Exhibitions Publications

  Life Paths Gallery

• Laureates

  • A
  • B
  • C
  • D
  • E
  • F
  • G
  • H
  • I
  • J
  • K
  • L
  • M
  • N
  • O
  • P
  • R
  • S
  • T
  • U
  • V
  • W
  • Y
  • Z
  deselect all

• Tag

  Featured Beginner Intermediate Advanced English German Has Podcast Has Research Prof. German French Spanish

• filter keyword

• timeframe

  1951-2013

  • from 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
  • to 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

  discipline

  • Chemistry
  • Economic Sciences
  • Interdisciplinary
  • Literature
  • Peace
  • Physics
  • Physiology and Medicine

• category

  • Laureates
  • Meetings
  • Videos
  • Topic Clusters
  • Pictures
  • Nobel Labs
  • Exhibitions
  • Publications
  • Life Paths
  • Gallery

• laureates

  deselect all

  • A
  • B
  • C
  • D
  • E
  • F
  • G
  • H
  • I
  • J
  • K
  • L
  • M
  • N
  • O
  • P
  • R
  • S
  • T
  • U
  • V
  • W
  • Y
  • Z

  • Abrikosov, Alexei
  • Agre, Peter
  • Akerlof, George
  • Alder, Kurt
  • Alferov, Zhores
  • Alfvén, Hannes
  • Allais, Maurice
  • Altman, Sidney
  • Amano, Hiroshi
  • Anderson, Philip
  • Anfinsen, Christian
  • Appleton, Sir Edward
  • Arber, Werner
  • Arnold, Frances
  • Arrow, Kenneth
  • Aumann, Robert
  • Axel, Richard
  • Axelrod, Julius

  • Baltimore, David
  • Bardeen, John
  • Barish, Barry
  • Barré-Sinoussi, Françoise
  • Barton, Sir Derek
  • Basov, Nikolai
  • Beadle, George
  • Becker, Gary
  • Bednorz, Johannes
  • Békésy, Georg von
  • Benacerraf, Baruj
  • Berg, Paul
  • Bethe, Hans
  • Betzig, Eric
  • Beutler, Bruce
  • Binnig, Gerd
  • Bishop, J. Michael
  • Black, Sir James
  • Blackburn, Elizabeth H.
  • Blackett, Patrick
  • Blobel, Günter
  • Bloch, Felix
  • Bloch, Konrad
  • Bloembergen, Nicolaas
  • Blumberg, Baruch
  • Bohr, Niels
  • Born, Max
  • Boyer, Paul
  • Bragg, William
  • Brandt, Willy
  • Brattain, Walter
  • Brenner, Sydney
  • Brockhouse, Bertram
  • Brown, Herbert
  • Brown, Michael
  • Buchanan Jr., James
  • Buck, Linda
  • Burnet, Sir Frank
  • Butenandt, Adolf

  • Calvin, Melvin
  • Campbell, William C.
  • Capecchi, Mario R.
  • Carlsson, Arvid
  • Carter, Jimmy
  • Cech, Thomas
  • Cerf , Vinton
  • Chalfie, Martin
  • Chamberlain, Owen
  • Chandrasekhar, Subrahmanyan
  • Charpak, Georges
  • Chauvin, Yves
  • Cherenkov, Pavel
  • Chu, Steven
  • Ciechanover, Aaron
  • Claude, Albert
  • Coase, Ronald
  • Cockcroft, John
  • Cohen, Stanley
  • Cohen-Tannoudji, Claude
  • Cooper, Leon
  • Corey, Elias
  • Cori, Carl
  • Cormack, Allan
  • Cornell, Eric
  • Cornforth, John
  • Cournand, Andrè
  • Crick, Francis
  • Cronin, James
  • Crowfoot Hodgkin, Dorothy
  • Crutzen, Paul
  • Curl, Robert

  • Dam, Carl Peter
  • Dausset, Jean
  • Davis Jr., Raymond
  • Deaton, Sir Angus
  • Debreu, Gerard
  • Debye, Petrus
  • Dehmelt, Hans
  • Deisenhofer, Johann
  • Diamond, Peter
  • Dirac, Paul
  • Doherty, Peter
  • Domagk, Gerhard
  • Dulbecco, Renato

  • Eccles, Sir John
  • Edelman, Gerald
  • Eigen, Manfred
  • Elion , Gertrude
  • Engle III, Robert
  • Englert, François
  • Ernst, Richard
  • Ertl, Gerhard
  • Esaki, Leo
  • Evans , Sir Martin J.
  • von Euler, Ulf
  • von Euler-Chelpin, Hans

  • Fenn, John
  • Feringa, Ben
  • Fert, Albert
  • Fire, Andrew
  • Fischer, Edmond
  • Fischer, Ernst
  • Fitch, Val
  • Flory, Paul
  • Fogel, Robert
  • Forssmann, Werner
  • Franck, James
  • Frank, Ilja
  • Frank, Joachim
  • Friedman, Jerome
  • Friedman, Milton
  • Frisch, Ragnar
  • Fukui, Kenichi
  • Furchgott, Robert

  • Gabor, Dennis
  • Gajdusek, Carleton
  • Geim, Andre
  • Gell-Mann, Murray
  • Giacconi, Riccardo
  • Giaever, Ivar
  • Gilbert, Walter
  • Gilman, Alfred
  • Ginzburg, Vitaly
  • Glaser, Donald
  • Glashow, Sheldon
  • Glauber, Roy
  • Goeppert Mayer, Maria
  • Goldstein, Joseph
  • Granger, Sir Clive
  • Granit, Ragnar
  • Greengard, Paul
  • Gross, David
  • Grubbs, Robert
  • Grünberg, Peter
  • Guillemin, Roger

  • Hahn, Otto
  • Haldane, F. Duncan M.
  • Hall, John
  • Hänsch, Theodor
  • Hansen, Lars
  • Haroche, Serge
  • Hart , Oliver
  • Hartwell, Leland
  • Hauptman, Herbert
  • Hausen, Harald zur
  • Heck, Richard
  • Heckman, James
  • Heeger, Alan
  • Heisenberg, Werner
  • Hell, Stefan
  • Hench, Philip
  • Henderson, Richard
  • Herschbach, Dudley
  • Hershey, Alfred
  • Hershko, Avram
  • Hertz, Gustav
  • Herzberg, Gerhard
  • Hess, Walter
  • Hewish, Antony
  • Heymans, Corneille
  • Hicks, Sir John
  • Higgs, Peter
  • Hitchings, George
  • Hodgkin, Alan L.
  • Hoffmann, Jules
  • Hoffmann, Roald
  • Hofstadter, Robert
  • Holley, Robert
  • Holmström, Bengt
  • Hooft, Gerardus 't
  • Horvitz, Robert
  • Hubel, David
  • Huber, Robert
  • Huggins, Charles
  • Hulse, Russell
  • Hunt, Tim
  • Hurwicz, Leonid
  • Huxley, Sir Andrew
  • von Hayek, Friedrich

  • Ignarro, Louis

  • Jacob, François
  • Jensen, J. Hans
  • Joliot-Curie, Frédéric
  • Joliot-Curie, Irène
  • Josephson, Brian

  • Kahneman, Daniel
  • Kajita, Takaaki
  • Kandel, Eric
  • Kantorovich, Leonid
  • Kao, Charles K.
  • Kapitsa, Pyotr
  • Karle, Jerome
  • Karman, Tawakkol
  • Karplus, Martin
  • Karrer, Paul
  • Kastler, Alfred
  • Katz, Sir Bernhard
  • Kendrew, John
  • Ketterle, Wolfgang
  • Khorana, Har
  • Klein, Lawrence
  • Klug, Sir Aaron
  • Knowles, William
  • Kobayashi , Makoto
  • Kobilka, Brian
  • Köhler, Georges
  • Kohn, Walter
  • Koopmans, Tjalling
  • Kornberg, Arthur
  • Kornberg, Roger
  • Koshiba, Masatoshi
  • Kosterlitz, J. Michael
  • Krebs, Edwin
  • Krebs, Sir Hans
  • Kroemer, Herbert
  • Kroto, Sir Harold
  • Kuhn, Richard
  • Kusch, Polykarp
  • Kydland, Finn
  • von Klitzing, Klaus

  • Lamb Jr., Willis
  • Laughlin, Robert
  • Lauterbur, Paul
  • Lederberg, Joshua
  • Lederman, Leon
  • Lee, David
  • Lee, Tsung-Dao
  • Lee, Yuan
  • Lefkowitz, Robert
  • Leggett, Anthony
  • Lehn, Jean-Marie
  • Levi-Montalcini, Rita
  • Levitt, Michael
  • Lewis, Edward
  • Libby, Willard
  • Lindahl, Tomas
  • Lipmann, Fritz
  • Lipscomb, William
  • Lorenz, Konrad
  • Lucas, Robert
  • Luria, Salvador
  • Lynen, Feodor
  • von Laue, Max

  • MacDiarmid, Alan
  • MacKinnon, Roderick
  • Mansfield, Sir Peter
  • Marcus, Rudolph
  • Markowitz, Harry
  • Marshall, Barry
  • Martin, Archer
  • Maskawa, Toshihide
  • Maskin, Eric S.
  • Mather, John
  • McDonald, Arthur
  • McFadden, Daniel
  • McMillan, Edwin
  • Meade, James
  • Medawar, Peter
  • Mello, Craig
  • Merrifield, Robert
  • Merton, Robert
  • Michel, Hartmut
  • Mirrlees , Sir James
  • Mitchell, Peter
  • Modrich, Paul
  • Moerner, William
  • Molina, Mario
  • Montagnier, Luc
  • Mortensen, Dale
  • Moser, Edvard I.
  • Moser, May-Britt
  • Mössbauer, Rudolf
  • Mott, Sir Nevill
  • Mottelson, Ben
  • Mourou, Gérard
  • Muller, Hermann
  • Müller, Karl
  • Müller, Paul
  • Mulliken, Robert
  • Mullis, Kary
  • Mundell, Robert
  • Murad, Ferid
  • Murphy, William
  • Murray, Joseph
  • Myerson, Roger B.
  • Myrdal, Gunnar

  • Nambu, Yoichiro
  • Nash Jr., John
  • Nathans, Daniel
  • Negishi, Ei-ichi
  • Neher, Erwin
  • Nirenberg, Marshall
  • Norrish, Ronald
  • North, Douglass
  • Novoselov, Sir Konstantin
  • Noyori, Ryoji
  • Nurse, Sir Paul
  • Nüsslein-Volhard, Christiane

  • Ochoa, Severo
  • Ohlin, Bertil
  • Ohsumi, Yoshinori
  • O'Keefe, John
  • Olah, George
  • Onsager, Lars
  • Osheroff, Douglas

  • Palade, George
  • Paul, Wolfgang
  • Pauli, Wolfgang
  • Pauling, Linus
  • Penzias, Arno
  • Perl, Martin
  • Perlmutter, Saul
  • Perutz, Max
  • Phelps, Edmund
  • Phillips, William
  • Pissarides, Christopher
  • Polanyi, John
  • Politzer, H.
  • Pople, John
  • Porter, George
  • Porter, Rodney
  • Powell, Cecil
  • Prelog, Vladimir
  • Prescott, Edward
  • Prigogine, Ilya
  • Prochorow, Alexander
  • Prusiner, Stanley
  • Purcell, Edward

  • Rabi, Isidor
  • Rainwater, Leo
  • Ramakrishnan, Venkatraman
  • Raman, Sir Chandrasekhara
  • Ramos-Horta, José
  • Ramsey, Norman
  • Reichstein, Tadeus
  • Richards, Dickinson
  • Richardson, Robert
  • Richter, Burton
  • Riess, Adam
  • Roberts, Richard
  • Robinson, Sir Robert
  • Rodbell, Martin
  • Rohrer, Heinrich
  • Rosbash, Michael
  • Rose, Irwin
  • Rotblat, Sir Joseph
  • Roth, Alvin
  • Rothman, James
  • Rowland, F. Sherwood
  • Rubbia, Carlo
  • Ruska, Ernst
  • Ruzicka, Leopold

  • Sakmann, Bert
  • Samuelson, Paul
  • Samuelsson, Bengt
  • Sanger, Frederick
  • Satyarthi, Kailash
  • Sauvage, Jean-Pierre
  • Schally, Andrew
  • Schawlow, Arthur
  • Schekman, Randy
  • Schelling, Thomas
  • Schmidt, Brian
  • Scholes, Myron
  • Schrieffer, John
  • Schrock, Richard
  • Schwartz, Melvin
  • Schweitzer, Albert
  • Schwinger, Julian
  • Segrè, Emilio
  • Selten, Reinhard
  • Semenov, Nikolay
  • Sen, Amartya
  • Sharp, Philip
  • Sharpe, William
  • Sharpless, Barry
  • Shechtman, Dan
  • Shiller, Robert
  • Shimomura, Osamu
  • Shirakawa, Hideki
  • Siegbahn, Kai
  • Simon, Herbert
  • Sims, Christopher
  • Skou, Jens
  • Smalley, Richard
  • Smith, George
  • Smith, Hamilton
  • Smith, Michael
  • Smith, Vernon
  • Smithies, Oliver
  • Smoot, George
  • Soddy, Frederick
  • Solow, Robert
  • Soyinka, Wole
  • Spence, Michael
  • Stanley, Wendell
  • Staudinger, Hermann
  • Steinberger, Jack
  • Steitz, Thomas A.
  • Stern, Otto
  • Stiglitz, Joseph
  • Stoddart, Sir J. Fraser
  • Störmer, Horst
  • Strickland, Donna
  • Sulston, Sir John
  • Suzuki, Akira
  • Synge, Richard
  • Szostak, Jack W.
  • von Szent-Györgyi, Albert

  • Tanaka, Koichi
  • Tatum, Edward
  • Taube, Henry
  • Taylor, Richard
  • Taylor Jr., Joseph
  • Temin, Howard
  • Theorell, Hugo
  • Thomas , E. Donnall
  • Thomson, Sir George
  • Thouless, David J.
  • Tinbergen, Nikolaas
  • Ting, Samuel
  • Tirole, Jean
  • Tiselius, Arne
  • Todd, Lord Alexander
  • Tonegawa, Susumu
  • Townes, Charles
  • Tsien, Roger
  • Tsui, Daniel
  • Tu, Youyou
  • Tutu, Desmond

  • Urey, Harold

  • Vargas Llosa, Mario
  • Varmus, Harold
  • Veltman, Martinus
  • Virtanen, Artturi

  • Waksman, Selman
  • Wald, George
  • Walker, Sir John
  • Walton, Ernest
  • Warburg, Otto
  • Warren, J. Robin
  • Warshel , Arieh
  • Watson, James
  • Weinberg, Steven
  • Weiss , Rainer
  • Weller, Thomas
  • Whipple, George
  • Wieman, Carl
  • Wieschaus, Eric
  • Wiesel, Torsten
  • Wigner, Eugene
  • Wilczek, Frank
  • Wilkins, Maurice
  • Wilkinson, Geoffrey
  • Williamson, Oliver
  • Wilson, Kenneth
  • Wilson, Robert
  • Wineland, David
  • Wittig, Georg
  • Woodward, Robert
  • Wüthrich, Kurt

  • Yalow, Rosalyn
  • Yang, Chen
  • Yonath, Ada E.
  • Young, Michael W.
  • Yousafzai , Malala
  • Yukawa, Hideki
  • Yunus, Muhammad

  • Zernike, Frits
  • Zewail, Ahmed
  • Ziegler, Karl
  • Zinkernagel, Rolf

• tag

  • Editor's Choice
  • Featured
  • Content level
  • Beginner
  • Intermediate
  • Advanced
  • Subtitle
  • English
  • German
  • Podcast
  • Has Podcast
  • Research Profile
  • Has Research Prof.
  • Non-English content
  • German
  • French
  • Spanish