Thank you very much, I'm going back to a very old story at the beginning, that of DNA.
DNA is of course the origin of memory, genetic memory, since a very long time,
perhaps from the beginning of life, of organised life, 3.5 billions of years.
But I like to show you that maybe this is not the end of the story and DNA exist also because of water.
I'd like to show this morning some recent work we have done showing that water is not only a solvent,
it's also a polymer which could interact with the DNA, help the DNA
and also the information from DNA to water can exist through the emission of very low electromagnetic waves.
So just to remind you that the story of DNA discovery is very long.
Starting by the first evidence that bacteria characters could be originating from DNA, Avery-MacLeod-McCarty.
And then of course came the very important finding of the double helix structure.
But I like also to emphasise that since that there are many important steps
and most of the steps have been achieved by Nobel Laureates, some of them are here.
But I'd like to stress the importance of DNA sequencing, the reverse transcription by retroviruses,
the restriction enzymes allowing the cloning of course.
And also the polymerase,
more recently the polymerase chain reaction by Kary Mullis who got the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1993.
And followed very soon by the use of a polymerase,
a DNA polymerase highly heat resistant from thermophilic bacteria, the taq polymerase.
And then came of course the sequencing, the human genome and the high technology to sequence this high speed DNA.
How I came to this field and what I like to add something to this,
those past discovery came 10 years ago when I did a very strange experiment
using a small bacterium called mycoplasma pirum you can see here this shape,
this mycoplasma like to live at the surface of human lympocytes,
actually is fragment component of HIV, at least in the invitro studies.
This mycoplasma has a very small size, but of course larger than the virus itself,
it's about 300 nanometre in size and I decided very simply and very naively to filtrate,
to separate this mycoplasma from the virus by using filters.
And first I made a controlled experiment using only the mycoplasma and checking lymphocyte, no virus.
By filtrating we should remove all the mycoplasma.
And indeed when we used the filtrate after 0.2 micron or 0.1 filter to grow the mycoplasma in a cellular medium, SP4,
which is a classical medium for growing mycoplasma, the filtrate was sterile, no growth at all.
But if I put the same filtrate on a culture of human lymphocyte,
of course controlled for not having any kind of mycoplasma infection obviously,
this showed that after 2, 3 weeks we got the mycoplasma back.
And I did this experiment and my associate also many times, it was not an artefact of the filtration for instance.
We also checked by PCR, unlisted PCR which is a technique which can amplify millions of times, one sequence of DNA,
we use a gene, we have previously cloned called adhesin gene, which allow the mycoplasma to bind the lymphocyte, no signals.
So this led me to think maybe the genetic information of mycoplasma was still in the filtrate,
not under the form of DNA but under the form of something else.
And 5 years ago I tried to investigate with some of my associates the possibility
that some forms of water could be involved in this.
And we came across a very surprising thing which is the fact that dilution of that DNA of the mycoplasma,
also microorganism could emit some very low frequency electromagnetic waves in high dilution of water.
So the equipment at the beginning is very simple,
we put the sample on a sensor coil in a plastic tube, in a solution and we amplified the signals,
the electric current coming from the magnetic part of the waves.
The electric current is then analysed on a computer in the appropriate way.
And the surprise that we could also detect similar signals with many filtrate or microorganisms,
virus and bacteria but also from the plasma of human people infected with the same agents.
So I'm going to describe you the possible of each experiment receiving the signals.
We have to filtrate, it's not just to remove the initial microorganism,
it's probably to disassociate some structure in the water.
We have to filtrate, then we have to dilute out and only in some dilution,
you see in yellow the high dilution are producing the signals.
And we use, first we use electromagnetic background of very low frequency,
7Hz to 100Hz and we get signal of slightly higher frequency, 1,000 to 3,000.
And of course we have several ways of recording, you can see the waves over the background, which are very easy to detect.
It is a good representation of the amplitude of this signal, we shall also hear the noise.
And we can do some Fourier transformation to analyse the peaks produced.
Here is background noise in which in yellow you see the 50Hz coming from the electric power which is always there.
We have to realise that we are always exposed to this very low electromagnetic field.
And when we have got positive signal we see a shift to higher frequency.
Of course there are several means to quantitate this
and also I show you here on the left the background and then on the right the positive signals.
And on the bottom you see that we get several harmonic peaks but I have to tell you first
that this is not specific of a specific DNA,
we get these kind of signals depending on the background for they are all similar for all bacterial DNA or viral DNA.
But we cannot exclude that using more refined technology to capture and analyse the signals
to see some slight differences according to the DNA species.
Of course we investigate the nature of the structure which could produce those signals
and we found that they are resistant to all kinds of antiemetic agent, it's not DNA, it's not RNA,
not sensitive to detergent, to acidic pH, to ion concentration, even to ethanol.
But the structure are rather heat sensitive, they are destroyed by freezing and also by magnetic field.
And using filters we could discriminate between viral induced nanostructure which are smaller, less than 20 nanometres,
the virus size is between 150 and 25 nanometres.
And for bacteria we could find a slightly higher,
between filtration by 20 nanometres that suppress by filtration (inaudible 10.20) nanometre.
So those structures were found also rather stable in our hands,
in our solution and of course we investigate the relationship with the microorganism from which they were originating from.
And it was also very clear that there is no linear correlation with another microorganism present before filtration.
For instance we use Escherichia coli suspension and even with 10 to the 9 of 10 we have the same similar signals.
I must say that this problem fits with the idea that we are dealing with non linear phenomenon.
We found this emission from many pathogenic bacteria listed here.
Of course the list is not complete.
Also from some virus, we haven't completely investigated all the viral families
but of course as I say by what's happening in HIV and AIDS, also influence hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus.
And for some, in some example we found that 1 gene only was sufficient,
or even a fragment of gene, of DNA was sufficient to induce the signal,
this was the case of the adhesin gene, we have clone from mycoplasma pirum and also I show you later for some HIV genes.
So of course this imply that probably some conformational DNA is involved in this emission
but not excluding the possibility that this is a general phenomenon occurring for all kinds of DNA.
But we are just picking up the tip of the ice berg, the sequences which are more emitting than others.
Condition for EMS induction is very strict in that we have to filtrate, we have to use high dilution in water,
we have to use mechanical agitation between each dilution
and you have to excite the system by the ambient electromagnetic background, starting very low frequency, 7Hz
and this is prevented by some alloy like µmetal which will absorb the waves.
And this is a resonance phenomenon.
The energy comes from outside, from the electromagnetic background.
And of course now we are using very specified excitation waves starting with 7Hz.
This has been described in more detail in a paper published last year.
Now I come to the theoretic explanation of this.
Of course this is just preliminary, we have to talk with physicist
and we have simply to give them the facts so they can work on those observation.
But it seems to be clear that DNA is very important first
and we know from the very first work on x-ray diffraction of DNA by Wilkins and Franklin
that there are water molecules strongly associated with DNA and they are contributing to the stability of the molecules.
And also they can interact with the basis to make new hydrogen bonds, there could be hydrogen bonds in water.
So our idea is that perhaps this atmosphere of molecules,
of water molecules can enlarge and from large aggregates in the water solution.
And indeed the physicists are telling us that water molecules can form large polymers by hydrogen bonds.
Now they are very short-lived.
However more recently stable structure can emerge, quantum coherent domains, this is the theory of Emilio Del Guidice,
which could be self-maintained by the EMS emission, upon excitation by natural waves.
So where those natural waves comes from, humanities but also the Schumann Resonance.
Schumann resonance were discovered by Otto Schumann in this country for when he measured the waves
which are guided between the surface of the earth and the plasma of the ionosphere.
And those waves are produced by lightning.
So at any time, any point of the earth there is always lightning.
And this lightning maintain a circulation of waves around the surface of the earth.
And those waves start at 7Hz with multiple of this but they are very low frequency.
We can detect them in our system.
Also those can change with also the solar wind but the most important thing for us now are human activities
because we are living in a world of waves, we use waves all the time, but high frequency waves.
Here we are dealing with very low frequency waves, which have very low wavelengths, 1,000 kilometres.
Another possibility, another theory that since we are shaking very strongly the dilution
we are forming nanobubbles with the gas and this could also modify the structure of water at the interface.
So our current interpretation is the following.
So we get in low dilution formation of structural crystal like gels, like this,
which are not moving but if we dilute them out we see this type of structure perhaps
and use also by electromagnetic waves of the (inaudible 16.50).
And if we look at the possible orientation of water molecules,
it's quite possible we have laser like system of activation of water molecules, electromagnetic field.
And you can see on the right the explanation of Del Giudice
in which we are forming in water structures which are of course surrounded by non-coherent molecules
but those coherent structures are maintained perhaps by the electromagnetic emission.
So I went further.
If I come back to my first experiment in (inaudible 17.34) which should imply that a structure induced in water
maintain in some way the genetic information of DNA.
So I'm going to show you very recent experiment, but we have done them several times,
8 times at least and they all yield the same phenomenon,
yes, for at least some short DNA sequence we can reproduce this sequence in water.
So I show you what we have done with HIV, one of my favourite objects,
and HIV DNA has a very complex structure as you see here.
But you can see at both ends,
this is what we call long-terminal repeat which contains the sequence of radiation for expression.
So what we did, we used the sequence of the LTR to make short DNA amplification by PCR
and you can see here both a large fragment of DNA,
starting at the top and going back to the, almost the bottom LTR out
and then inside this amplification we secondary amplify a shorter sequence which correspond to the in polymer LTR in,
LTR in at the bottom.
And this is a sequence 104 base pair long containing mostly a region of the DNA called TAR,
TAR means transcription activated region which is bound by a protein of HIV called TAT
and this binding along with complexation with cellular kinase, allow the extension of all messenger RNA's.
So we use this sequence for our experiments which is described here.
So we first diluted the TAR, so-called TAR DNA in water, we had of course some signals coming from dilution.
So we choose one tube of dilution minus 6 for instance or minus 4
and this was put in a container of µmetal to insulate this from the external electromagnetic background.
And of course we inject a frequency of 7Hz in a coil so this induce a magnetic field
and inside we put our dilution of the tube.
Close to but not completely attached to another tube of water.
And actually we could have a distance of 10 centimetre between the 2 tubes.
So the one does not touch the other.
We then generate the current and we had to wait 18 hours,
if we had just 1, 2 hours it's not sufficient, it's very slow process.
Then we take the tube of water, we dilute it out and found again the EMS,
the signal production in some dilution, of course which are lower because we start from minus 6.
So now minus 2 from minus 6 means minus 8.
So we had positive tubes and of course the question
was this information transmitted by electromagnetic waves from one tube to another containing the DNA information.
So we did some very specific PCR using the primer as described before and analyse the DNA produced in electrophoresis,
which this shows (inaudible 21:50) and on the top you see the donor tube
and there dilution minus 2, minus 3, minus 4, not surprising.
But on the bottom you see the DNA bands forms in water.
And they go far, up to 10 minus 8.
And we check by sequencing, by cloning the DNA and sequencing it, it was really the LTR HIV DNA.
The same sequence up to 98%, there is only 2 nucleotide difference.
So I think we have shown in this experiment, we have repeated many times,
that at least for some sequence, short sequence of DNA, we can transfer the information in to water.
So this happen of course a large field of exploration,
I like to do with physicist of course, to explain this but it's clear that water is not simply a solvent,
it's much more in our life.
Now the last part I will go quickly, the medical application.
We can detect those signals coming from the plasma,
the fresh plasma of patients infected with some infectious agents which is not surprising.
But for Borrelia for instance it's important because Lyme disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferi is a chronic disease
and we have some difficulty to detect the presence of Borrelia in chronic infection.
We can do it easy by our technology.
But more interesting is the case of diseases which are not known to be of infectious origin,
like 7 neurodegenerative disease, Alzheimer, Parkinson, Multiple sclerosis, various neuropathies, chronic Lyme syndrome,
autism, in some case, rheumatoid arthritis, even some cancers.
So of course the idea is that perhaps those signals are coming from places of infectious,
chronic infection by bacteria or viruses.
So of course here the objective is clear,
is to notify the bacterium or the virus involved which might come from our own gut actually.
But I'd like to terminate by the special case of a child.
Indeed in patients infected with base HIV we could not detect very much the signals,
when the virus load in their plasma was high.
On the contrary we couldn't detect very alarming signals coming from HIV DNA sequences.
They are perhaps integrated, they may come from fragment of pro-viral DNA released by dying cells,
possibly in the circulation.
But it could also represent some kind of episomal DNA application.
(inaudible 24.57) that the treatment of HIV has made many advances.
We use reverse transcriptase inhibitors and also protease inhibitor and the combination can keep most of the patients alive.
They don't cure, the patients are still a reservoir of virus.
If we treat we reduce the reservoir
but if we interrupt the treatment there is induced again a highly active application and we lose the advantage.
So what we found regularly in the patient which had no virus load in their blood,
signals coming from DNA and that DNA we analyse more classically by PCR is made of several genes like polymer gene
but also the long terminal IP, the LTR.
So whatever the explanation we have now a biomarker for detecting the virus which commence after the antiretroviral therapy.
So this open the way to target this reservoir by complementary treatments, complementary to the antiretroviral therapy.
This has been also recently published.
And I'd like now to finish by saying that we are just exploring a new field, DNA water waves
which could lead to some medical application and lead to blood safety,
preventing nosocomial disease, especially after heart surgery,
we can detect signals coming after heart surgery from the fact we are addressing (inaudible 26.44) probably in the gut,
because is suffering and release some micro-products into the circulation.
We can also as I said look for chronic diseases, the role of microbial agents would be one of the factor on the disease,
I'm not saying they are all the cause.
And for HIV of course use this at times to eradicate the infection.
I'd like to thank my collaborators in those studies
and I should add also Claude Lavallee who was involved in the latest experiment.
And thank you very much.
(applause).
End.